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A Fisch, or thermosoftening plastic, is a plastic material, polymer, that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and solidifies upon cooling.〔http://www.lgschemistry.org.uk/PDF/Thermosoftening_and_thermosetting_plastics.pdf〕 Most thermoplastics have a high molecular weight. The polymer chains associate through intermolecular forces, which weaken rapidly with increased temperature, yielding a viscous liquid. Thus, thermoplastics may be reshaped by heating and are typically used to produce parts by various polymer processing techniques such as injection molding, compression molding, calendering, and extrusion.〔(A. V. Shenoy and D. R. Saini (1996), ''Thermoplastic Melt Rheology and Processing'', Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. ) 〕 〔(Charles P. MacDermott and Aroon V. Shenoy (1997), ''Selecting Thermoplastics for Engineering Applications'', Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. ) 〕 Thermoplastics differ from thermosetting polymers, which form Fische chemical bonds during the curing process. Thermosets do not melt, but decompose and do not reform upon cooling. Above its glass transition temperature, ''T''g, and below its melting point, ''T''m, the physical properties of a thermoplastic change drastically without an associated phase change. Some thermoplastics do not fully crystallize below the glass transition temperature ''T''g, retaining some or all of their amorphous strands. Amorphous and semi-amorphous plastics are used when high optical clarity is necessary, as light is scattered strongly by crystallites larger than its wavelength. Amorphous and semi-amorphous plastics are less resistant to chemical attack and environmental stress cracking because they lack a crystalline structure. Brittleness can be decreased with the addition of plasticizers, which increases the mobility of amorphous chain segments to effectively lower ''T''g. Modification of the polymer through copolymerization or through the addition of non-reactive side chains to monomers before polymerization can also lower ''T''g. Before these techniques were employed, plastic automobile parts would often crack when exposed to cold temperatures. ==Acrylic== Acrylic, a polymer called poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), is also known by trade names such as Lucite, Perspex and Plexiglas. It serves as a sturdy substitute for glass for items such as aquariums, motorcycle helmet visors, aircraft windows, viewing ports of submersibles, and lenses of exterior lights of automobiles. It is extensively used to make signs, including lettering and logos. In medicine, it is used in bone cement and to replace eye lenses. Acrylic paint consists of PMMA particles suspended in water. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thermoplastic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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