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Thesaban ((タイ語:เทศบาล), , ) are the municipalities of Thailand. There are three levels of municipalities: city, town, and sub-district. Both Bangkok and Pattaya are special municipal entities not included in the ''thesaban'' system. The municipalities assume some of the responsibilities which are assigned to the districts (''amphoe'') or communes (''tambon'') for non-municipal (rural) areas. Historically, this devolution of central government powers grew out of the Sukhaphiban () sanitary districts first created in Bangkok by a royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. The ''thesaban'' system was established in the Thesaban Organization Act of 1934 ((タイ語:พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖)),〔The Royal Gazette, (พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖, Vol. 51, Page 82-107. ) 24 Apr 1934. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.〕 and has been updated several times since, starting with the Thesaban Act of 1939 ((タイ語:พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑)),〔The Royal Gazette, (พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑, Vol. 56, Pages 155-86. ) 1 Apr 1939. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.〕 which was replaced by the Thesaban Act of 1953.〔The Royal Gazette, (พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๙๖, Vol. 70 No. 14, Pages 222-257. ) 17 Feb 1953. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.〕 The 1953 act was most recently amended by the Thesaban Act (No. 12) of 2003.〔The Royal Gazette, (พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล (ฉบับที่ ๑๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๖, Vol. 120 No. 124ก, Pages 1-15. ) 22 Dec 2003. Retrieved on 28 Nov 2008.〕 ==City-municipality== ''Thesaban nakhon'' ((タイ語:เทศบาลนคร)) is usually translated as "city municipality". To qualify for city status a municipality needs to have a population of at least 50,000 and sufficient income to carry out the tasks of a city. When first organized in 1934, the minimum qualifications for city status were a population of 30,000 with a density of 1,000 per km².〔 In 1939 the required population density was increased to 2,000 per km², along with the addition of a financial requirement.〔 In 1953 the population density requirement was again raised, to 3,000 per km²,〔 before being removed entirely in 2000.〔The Royal Gazette, (พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล (ฉบับที่ ๑๑) พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๓, Vol. 117 No. 41ก, Pages 12-27. ) 12 Nov 2000. Retrieved 28 Nov 2008.〕 For 22 years, from 1972 to 1994, as well as between March and November 1936, there was only one city municipality in Thailand, which is Chiang Mai, as in 1972 Bangkok had been changed from city municipality, to special governed district. Until 1972 there were three city municipalities: Chiang Mai, Phra Nakhon (now Bangkok), and Thonburi (now part of Bangkok). In 1994, Nakhon Si Thammarat town municipality became the second city municipality of Thailand, and the third in the south. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thesaban」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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