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A thioamide (rarely, thionamide, but also known as thiourylenes) is a functional group with the general structure Thioamides or anti-thyroid drugs are also a class of drugs that are used to control thyrotoxicosis. ==Preparation and structure== Thioamides are typically prepared by treating amides with phosphorus sulfides such as phosphorus pentasulfide and, in more specialized applications, Lawesson's reagent. An alternative route entails the reaction of nitriles with hydrogen sulfide. The Willgerodt-Kindler reaction also affords benzylthioamides. == Thioamides in biochemistry and medicine== Thioamides are also a class of drugs that are used to control thyrotoxicosis. Thioamides have been incorporated into peptides as isosteres for the amide bond. Peptide modifications are analogues of the native peptide, which can reveal the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Analogues of peptides can also be used as drugs with an improved oral bioavailability. Thioamides inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid, reducing the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), thereby blocking uptake of iodotyrosines from the colloid. They also block iodine release from peripheral hormone. Maximum effects occur only after a month, since hormone depletion is caused by reduced synthesis, which is a slow process. Because thioamides can penetrate the placental barrier, caution is advised when used during pregnancy. Ten percent of patients report skin eruptions (such as macules and papules), urticaria, dermatitis, fever, and arthralgia; 0.03% of all patients develop agranulocytosis. Members of the thioamide group include methimazole, carbimazole (converted ''in vivo'' to methimazole), and propylthiouracil. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thioamide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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