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thogotovirus
''Thogotovirus'' is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of six genera in the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae''. Their single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome has six or seven segments. Thogotoviruses are distinguished from most other orthomyxoviruses by being arboviruses – viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, in this case usually ticks. Thogotoviruses can replicate in both tick cells and vertebrate cells; one subtype has also been isolated from mosquitoes. A consequence of being transmitted by blood-sucking vectors is that the virus must spread systemically in the vertebrate host – unlike influenza viruses, which are transmitted by respiratory droplets and are usually confined to the respiratory system.〔
''Thogoto virus'' (THOV) is the type species; the genus also contains the species ''Dhori virus'' (DHOV) and its subtype Batken virus, as well as the species or strains Araguari virus, Aransas Bay virus (ABV), Bourbon virus, Jos virus (JOSV) and Upolu virus (UPOV), which have yet to be confirmed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). A wide range of mammals are infected by members of the genus; some types also infect birds. THOV causes disease in livestock. THOV, DHOV and Bourbon virus can infect humans, and have occasionally been associated with human disease.
==History==
THOV and DHOV were identified in the early 1960s in Kenya and India, respectively.〔〔 Two cases of human disease associated with THOV occurred in 1966, and a Russian laboratory accident in the 1980s showed that DHOV can also cause disease in humans.〔〔 The two viruses were originally considered to be bunyaviruses, but characterisation in the 1980s and early 1990s revealed similarities with influenza viruses.〔 A genus of "Thogoto-like viruses" within ''Orthomyxoviridae'' was proposed in 1995, and recognised by the ICTV under the name ''Thogotovirus'' the following year. The name comes from Thogoto Forest in Kenya, where THOV was first discovered.〔 Since then, sequence analysis of five viruses discovered in the 1960–70s but unclassified or tentatively assigned to ''Bunyaviridae'' led to their being proposed as additional members of the genus.〔〔〔〔 A further proposed member of the genus was characterised by next-generation sequencing in 2014.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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