|
Thuluth ((ペルシア語:ثلث) ''sols'', Turkish: ''Sülüs'', from (アラビア語:ثلث) ' "one-third") is a script variety of Islamic calligraphy invented by the Persian Ibn Muqlah Shirazi, which made its first appearance in the 11th century CE (fourth Hijri). The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In Thuluth, one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning "a third" in Arabic) comes. It is a large and elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from Thuluth through slight changes of form. ==History== The greatest contributions to the evolution of the Thuluth script, occurred during Ottoman Empire in three successive steps that Ottoman Art Historians call "calligraphical revolutions": *The first revolution occurred in the 15th century and was initiated by the Master Calligrapher Şeyh Hamdullah.〔(Hüseyin Kutlu: Hat sanatı kalemi şevk edebilmektir - Kalem Güzeli )〕〔(hamdullah1500s )〕 *The second revolution resulted from the work of the Ottoman calligrapher Hâfız Osman in the 17th century.〔(Kitap Sanatı )〕〔Ali, Wijdan. "(From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th Century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th Century Ottoman Art )". In ''Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art'', eds. M. Kiel, N. Landman, and H. Theunissen. No. 7, 1–24. Utrecht, The Netherlands, August 23–28, 1999, p. 7〕 *Finally, in the late 19th century, Mehmed Şevkî Efendi gave the script the distinctive shape it has today.〔(Mehmed Şevki Efendi « Sanat Tarihi )〕〔http://www.bilgininadresi.net/Madde/9375/Mehmed-Şevki-Efendi-(M/1887)〕〔(Türk Ýslam Sanatlarý - Tezyini Sanatlar )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thuluth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|