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A Thyle (OE ''Þyle'', ON ''Þulr'') was a member of the court associated with Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon royalty and chieftains in the Early Middle Ages with the duty of determining truth of public statements. Most literary references are found in Icelandic and Old English literature like the ''Hávamál'', where Odin himself is called "the great thul",〔http://www.normannii.org/beliefs/thul.html〕 and ''Beowulf''. It also appears on the runic inscription of the Snoldelev Stone.〔http://runer.natmus.dk/VisGenstand.aspx/Titel/Snoldelev-sten〕 Frederiksbergs original name was Tulehøj (''Thylehill''). The Old English term is glossed as Latin ''histrio'' "orator" and ''curra'' "jester"; ''þylcræft'' means "elocution". ''Zoega's Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic'' defines ''Þulr'' as "wise-man, sage," cognate to Old Norse ''þula'' (verb) "to speak" and ''þula'' (noun) "list in poetic form". The Rundata project translates ''Þulr'' as "reciter". From this it appears that the office of thyle was connected to the keeping and reproducing of orally transmitted lore like the Rígsþula "Lay of Rígr". The thyle may further have served the function of challenging those who would make unwise boasts or oaths and possibly hurt the luck of the community, and consequentially the reputation of the king. Unferð holds the role of thyle in the poem Beowulf; his questioning of Beowulf's statements may have been part of his office, rather than motivated by petty antagonism. Some modern scholars view the role of the thyle as being usurped by monks after Christianization, and being reduced to the modern caricature of the jester (hence the Latin gloss of ''curra''). ==References== 〔 * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thyle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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