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Tibla (''plural'': tiblad) is an ethnic slur in the Estonian language, which refers to a Russian or a Soviet〔("Tibla" ), Estonian Vocabulary (Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2006), Institute of the Estonian Language〕 The word possibly originates from the Russian profane addressing "ty, blyad", "''ты, блядь''" ("you, damn it", "you, shit", etc.〔''Note:'' While the word ''blyad'' literally means "whore," in this context it is used as non-personal interjection , especially its truncated form, 'blya', which is never used in its literal meaning of "whore".〕) or, truncated, "ty, blya", "''ты, бля''".〔Laineste, Liisi (Dysphemisms on the Estonian Internet ) (+()). — ''Mäetagused''. Hüperajakiri ("hyperjournal"), No. 38, 2008. — pp. 7-32.〕 An alternative explanation was suggested by journalist Voldemar Kures in the 1962 Väliseestlase kalender ("Calendar for Estonians Abroad"). V. Kures claimed that the word comes from the Russian builders during World War I, who mostly came to Estonia from Vitebsk Governorate and were considered rather dumb. They were called "''tipski''" (a corruption of ''Vitebski'' - "from Vitebsk"), which later became "tibla". The Estonian Press Council offers an opinion that the term ''tibla'' is mostly applied to a ''Homo Sovieticus'' kind of person: lacking culture, uneducated, with imperialist worldview.〔("Sixth Periodic Report" ) on the Implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Submitted by the Republic of Estonia under Article 9 of the Convention", 2004〕 The word has been actively used in Estonian media since the 1990s by a character Ivan Orav created by Andrus Kivirähk. According to Orav the word "tibla" has nothing to do with Russians but instead are small, pink creatures that first appeared in Estonia in June 1940.〔(Tiblad are small and pink, epl )〕 The 2006 European Network Against Racism report mentions the recent use of the word ''tibla'' in Estonian-language media as an example of inappropriate language.〔("Racism in Estonia" ), ENAR Shadow Report 〕 ==Controversies== In 2002, the Estonian Press Council settled the case when the newspaper ''Eesti Päevaleht'' printed an advertisement: "Don’t you read the Päevaleht? You must be a tibla then. Be a true Estonian and become the reader."〔 In 2008 the usage of the word in media caused a controversy, when Estonian TV aired the film ''Airheads'', in which the slur "retards" was translated as "tibla" (a completely different meaning). When confronted, the translator, a well-known linguist, apologised, saying that she was careless.〔Shmelev, M. Strange accent of the local translation." Daily ''Vesti'', 16.09.2008; the reference taken from ("Racism in Estonia" ), ENAR Shadow Report 2008〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tibla」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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