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The Dingling () are an ancient people mentioned in Chinese historiography in the context of the 1st century BCE. They are assumed to have been an early Turkic-speaking people,〔 Hyun Jin Kim: (The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe ). Cambridge University Press, 2013. pp.175-176. Victor H. Mair: (Contact And Exchange in the Ancient World ). University of Hawaii Press, 2006. p.140〕 whose original constituents mainly assimilated into the Xiongnu and Xianbei groups. They originally lived on the bank of the Lena River in the area west of Lake Baikal, gradually moving southward to Mongolia and northern China. They were subsequently part of the Xiongnu Empire,〔Lu (1996), pp. 111, 135-137.〕〔Li (2003), pp. 110-112.〕 and thus presumably related to the invaders known as Huns in the west.〔A. J. Haywood, (Siberia: A Cultural History ), Oxford University Press, 2010, p.203〕 Around the 3rd century they were assimilated into the Tiele,〔Victor H. Mair: (Contact And Exchange in the Ancient World ). University of Hawaii Press, 2006. p.140〕 also named Gaoche (高車) or Chile (敕勒), who gradually expanded westward into Central Asia, expelled from Mongolia by the Rouran and establishing a state Turpan in the 5th century. The Tiele were a collection of early Turkic tribes, largely descended from the Chile. == Origin and migration == The Dingling were a warlike group of hunters, fishers, and gatherers of the southern Siberian mountain taiga region from Lake Baikal to northern Mongolia. Chinese records do not mention the physical appearance of the Dingling, suggesting general homogeneity with people of the Asiatic region, and their name appears rarely.〔Xue (1992), pp. 54-60.〕〔Lu (1996), pp. 305-320.〕〔Duan (1988) pp. 35-53.〕 They might have been correlated with the Guifang, a northern tribe that appears in the oracle bone inscriptions from Yinxu.〔Duan (1988) pp. 8-11.〕 According to the ''History of the Gaoche'' of Wei Shou (6th century), the origin of the Dingling can be traced to the Chidi or Red Di (赤狄), who lived in northern China during the Spring and Autumn period. The ''Mozi'' mentions a total of eight Di groups related to the Chidi, of whom only the Chidi and two others were known.〔Duan (1988), pp. 1-6〕〔Suribadalaha (1986), p. 27.〕 To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the ''Gekun'' (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghiz in later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living north of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), are only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.〔Lu (1996), p. 136.〕〔Shen (1998), p. 75.〕 During the 2nd century BCE, the Dingling became subjects of Modu Chanyu along with 26 other tribes, including the Yuezhi and Wusun.〔Li (2003), p. 73.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dingling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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