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tokoyama
A ''tokoyama'' (床山) is a hairdresser employed by the Japan Sumo Association to cut and prepare sumo wrestlers' hair, which is done in a ''chonmage'' style. The Sumo Association ranks them according to experience and ability and only the most senior ''tokoyama'' are entitled to prepare the more ornate ''oicho'', or ginkgo leaf form of topknot, which ''sekitori'' ranked wrestlers wear in their bouts and on other formal occasions. It may not seem to the casual observer that such a position is necessary, but the elaborate hairstyle of sumo wrestlers, especially ''sekitori'', combined with the combative nature of sumo bouts and sumo practice make it necessary for these professionals to be on hand to maintain the topknots as they are expected to look.
There are a total of about fifty ''tokoyama'', and as in sumo and most other Japanese disciplines, they are divided into ranks. Just as with ''gyōji'', ''yobidashi'' and most any other sumo related job, each ''tokoyama'' is attached to a home stable and has his own shikona. All of the ''shikona'' start with the kanji 床, pronounced ''toko''. This kanji is also used for ''tokoya'', a more traditional word for hairdresser in Japan.
The training for a ''tokoyama'' is lengthy, taking about 10 years. Beginners are in ''godō'' (五等 level 5) and are promoted along with their years of experience until they reach ''ittō'' (一等, level 1). When they have reached level 1 and have demonstrated exceptional skill, they can ascend to ''tokutō'' (特等), a ''tokoyama'' special class. There are normally only two ''tokoyama'' at this rank at any given time, and they are the only ones allowed to style a yokozuna's top knot.
''Tokoyamas tools include a special kind of wooden comb, binzuke (special pomade), and waxed strips of paper for tying the knot. The wooden combs have been handmade for centuries by the Shingō Mori family. Each comb can take up to 8 years to create. The size (length) of the comb is determined by the age of the bush the wood is taken from. A short comb is from a 50-year-old bush and the long comb can be from a 150-year-old bush.
The term ''tokoyama'' can also be used in its original form, which was for specialists who worked in hairstyling in the Japanese form of theatre called ''kabuki''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「tokoyama」の詳細全文を読む
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