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totoaba
The totoaba or totuava (''Totoaba macdonaldi'') is a marine fish, the largest member of the drum family Sciaenidae, that is Endemic to the Gulf of California in Mexico. It is the only species in the genus ''Totoaba''. Formerly abundant and subject to an intensive fishery, the totoaba has become rare, and is listed on CITES, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and the Endangered Species Act (ESA).〔(NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources - Totoaba ) - Retrieved July 11, 2007〕
== Life cycle ==
The totoaba can grow up to two metres in length and 100 kg in weight. Their diet consists of finned fish and crustaceans. Individuals may live up to fifteen years, but sexual maturity is usually not reached until the fish are six or seven years old. As totoaba spawn only once a year, population growth is slow, with a minimum population doubling time of four-and-a-half to fifteen years.〔 The totoaba spawn in the Colorado River delta, which also serves as a nursery for the young fish.
The totoaba population is found in two distinct groups. Larval and juvenile stages occupy the Colorado delta, while the adult breeding population lives for most of the year in deeper water towards the middle of the Sea of Cortez. The adult population migrates to the Colorado delta in April and May to spawn. One-year-old totoaba are metabolically most efficient in brackish water of about 20 ppt (parts per thousand) salinity, a level that occurred naturally in the delta before the diversion of water from the river that occurred in the middle of the 20th century.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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