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Totok is a Bahasa language term colloquially used in Indonesia to refer to individuals of Dutch and other European origin who lived in the Dutch East Indies until Indonesian independence in 1949. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was popularised among colonists in Batavia, who initially coined the term to describe the foreign born and new immigrants of "pure blood" - as opposed to Eurasians or Indos.〔Willems, Wim "Tjalie Robinson; Biografie van een Indo-schrijver" Chapter: Een Totok als vader (Publisher: Bert Bakker, 2008) P.45 ISBN 9789035133099〕 When more Dutchmen were born in the East Indies, the term gained significance in describing those of exclusive European ancestry, or local creoles closer to that side of the racial spectrum.〔 An antonym of ''Totok'' is ''Peranakan'', meaning simply "descendants", which is used for other races that mixed with indigenous Asian peoples.〔Tan, Mely G. (2008) (in English and Indonesian), Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia: Kumpulan Tulisan (Chinese in Indonesia: Collected Writings ), (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008) ISBN 978-979-461-689-5 P.1〕 ==Famous Dutch Totoks and descendants== * , (Semarang, Java, 1922) founder of the North Sea Jazz festival * Albert Alberts, award winning author, journalist * Beb Bakhuys * Frits Bolkenstein, politician * Ben Bot, minister * Hans van den Broek, minister * Jeroen Brouwers, author * Conrad Busken Huet (1826-1886), newspaper editor on Java (1868-1876) * Louis Couperus (1863–1923), childhood in Batavia, Java (1871–1877), author of ''The Hidden Force'' (1900) * P.A.Daum (1850-1898), newspaperman, author * Johan Fabricius (1899-1981), author of ''De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe'' (1923) * Anthony Fokker (Blitar, Java, 1890), aviation pioneer * Hella Haasse (Batavia, Java, 1918), award winning author * Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema (Surabaya, Java, 1917), decorated WWII hero * W. R. van Hoëvell (1812-1879) Church minister of Batavia, political activist (1838-1848) * Xaviera Hollander, author * Rudy Kousbroek, author * Liesbeth List, singer * , artist, singer * Willem Oltmans, journalist, author * Helga Ruebsamen, author * Mark Rutte, Dutch prime-minister * Multatuli (1820-1887), Resident on Ambon and Java (1838-1858), iconic author * F. Springer, author *Madelon Szekely-Lulofs (Surabaya, 1899) author of ''Rubber''(1931)〔( ''Rubber'' by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website. )〕 and ''Koelie'' (1931)〔( ''Koelie'' by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website. )〕 * Bram van der Stok (Plaju, Sumatra, 1915), decorated WWII hero * Peter Tazelaar (Bukittingi, Sumatra, 1922), decorated WWII hero * Edgar Vos (Makassar, 1931), fashion designer * Margaretha Geertruida Zelle, Matahari, spy 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「totok」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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