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Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by ''Toxoplasma gondii''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/epi.html )〕 Infections with toxoplasmosis usually cause no symptoms in adult humans. Occasionally there may be a few weeks or months of mild flu-like illness such as muscle aches and tender lymph nodes.〔 In a small number of people, eye problems may develop. In those with a weak immune system, severe symptoms such as seizures and poor coordination may occur. If infected during pregnancy, a condition known as congenital toxoplasmosis may affect the child.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/disease.html )〕 Toxoplasmosis is usually spread by eating poorly cooked food that contains cysts, exposure to infected cat feces, and from a mother to a child during pregnancy if the mother becomes infected. Rarely the disease may be spread by a blood transfusion. It is not otherwise spread between people.〔 The parasite is only known to reproduce sexually in the cat family. However, it can infect most types of warm-blooded animals, including humans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/biology.html )〕 Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for antibodies or by testing the amniotic fluid for the parasite's DNA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html )〕 Prevention is by properly preparing and cooking food. It is also recommended that pregnant women not clean cat litter boxes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/prevent.html )〕 Treatment of otherwise healthy people is usually not needed. During pregnancy spiramycin or pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine and folinic acid may be used for treatment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/health_professionals/index.html#tx )〕 Up to half of the world's population is infected with toxoplasmosis. In the United States about 23% are affected and in some areas of the world this is up to 95%.〔 About 200,000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur a year. Charles Nicolle and Louis Manceaux first described the organism in 1908. In 1941 transmission during pregnancy from a mother to a child was confirmed. == Signs and symptoms == Infection has three stages: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「toxoplasmosis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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