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transalkylation
Transalkylation is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of an alkyl group from one organic compound to another. The reaction is most commonly used for the transfer of methyl groups between benzene rings and is widely used in the petrochemical industry to manufacture p-xylene, styrene,〔(Styrene process with recycle from dehydrogenation zone )〕 and other aromatic compounds. Motivation for using transalkylation reactions is based on a difference in production and demand for benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Transalkylation can convert toluene, which is overproduced, into benzene and xylene, which are under-produced.〔Tsai, Tseng-Chang "Disproportionation and transalkylation of alkylbenzenes over zeolite catalysts". Elsevier Science, 1999〕 Zeolites are often used as catalysts in transalkylation reactions.
== Disproportionation ==
Transalyklation as used by the petrochemical industry is often used to convert toluene into benzene and xylenes. This is achieved through a disproportionation reaction of toluene in which one toluene molecule transfers its methyl group to another one. The reaction is not selective, and the xylene produced can be ortho, meta, or para. There is a higher demand for para xylene, so it is often separated out, and the reaction is allowed to produce more para product.〔Tsai, Tseng-Chang "Disproportionation and transalkylation of alkylbenzenes over zeolite catalysts". Elsevier Science, 1999〕
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