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trasianka
Trasianka or trasyanka ((ベラルーシ語:трасянка)) refers to a mixed form of speech in which Belarusian and Russian elements and structures alternate in rapid succession.〔Hentschel, Gerd Belarusian and Russian in the Mixed Speech of Belarus. In Besters-Dilger, J. et al. (eds.): “Congruence in Contact-Induced Language Change: Language Families, Typological Resemblance, and Perceived Similarity.” Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, 93-121.〕 There is a similar phenomenon in Ukraine, an Ukrainian–Russian language mixture that is called surzhyk.
== Etymology ==
In Belarusian the word literally means low quality hay, when indigent farmers mix (shake: трасуць, ''trasuts'') fresh grass with the yesteryear's dried hay.〔()〕 The word acquired the second meaning ("language mixture of low quality") relatively recently, in the second half of the 1980s, when a series of publications in the literary newspaper “Litaratura i mastactva” criticized developments in the use of the Belarusian language under Soviet rule.〔Zaprudski, Siarhiej Zur öffentlichen Diskussion der weißrussischen Sprachkultur, zum Aufkommen des Terminus Trasjanka und zur modernen Trasjankaforschung. In Hentschel, G. et al. (eds.): “Trasjanka und Surzhyk - gemischte weißrussisch-russische und ukrainisch-russische Rede. Sprachlicher Inzest in Weißrussland und der Ukraine?” Frankfurt/M.: Lang, in print.〕 Zianon Pazniak is often said to be the one who has popularized the use of the word for the Belarusian-Russian language mixture (see Pozniak, 1988). For the Belarusian-Russian borderland it has been reported that the phenomenon usually referred to by the term "trasianka" is called "meshanka" instead (this information is based on an interdisciplinary research carried out in the district of Horki and Drybin in 2004).〔Smulkowa, E. and Engelking, A. (eds.) (2007). ''Pogranicza Bialorusi w perspektywie interdyscyplinarnej''. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG. ISBN 83-7181-485-2, ISBN 978-83-7181-485-3〕
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