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In music, ''tremolo'' ((:ˈtrɛːmolo)), or ''tremolando'' ((:tremoˈlando)), is a trembling effect. There are two types of tremolo. The first is a rapid reiteration * of a single note, particularly used on bowed string instruments and plucked strings such as harp, where it is called ''bisbigliando'' ((:bizbiʎˈʎando)) or "whispering". * between two notes or chords in alternation, an imitation (not to be confused with a trill) of the preceding that is more common on keyboard instruments. Mallet instruments such as the marimba are capable of either method. * a roll on any percussion instrument, whether tuned or untuned. A second type of tremolo is a variation in amplitude * as produced on organs by tremulants * using electronic effects in guitar amplifiers and effects pedals which rapidly turn the volume of a signal up and down, creating a "shuddering" effect * an imitation of the same by strings in which pulsations are taken in the same bow direction * a vocal technique involving a wide or slow vibrato, not to be confused with the trillo or "Monteverdi trill" Some electric guitars use a (somewhat misnamed) device called a "tremolo arm" or "whammy bar" that allows a performer to lower or raise the pitch of a note or chord, which is known as vibrato. This non-standard use of the term "tremolo" refers to pitch rather than amplitude. ==History== Although it had already been employed as early as 1617 by Biagio Marini and again in 1621 by Giovanni Battista Riccio,〔David Fallows, "Tremolo (i)", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, ISBN 9781561592395.〕 the bowed tremolo was invented in 1624 by the early 17th-century composer Claudio Monteverdi〔Weiss and Taruskin (1984). ''Music in the Western World: A History in Documents'', p. 146. ISBN 0-02-872900-5.〕〔 and, written as repeated semiquavers (sixteenth notes), used for the ''stile concitato'' effects in ''Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda''. The ''measured tremolo'', presumably played with rhythmic regularity, was invented to add dramatic intensity to string accompaniment and contrast with regular tenuto strokes.〔Cecil Forsyth (1982). ''Orchestration'', p. 348. ISBN 0-486-24383-4.〕 However, it was not till the time of Gluck that the real tremolo became an accepted method of tone production.〔Forsyth (1982), p. 349.〕 Four other types of historical tremolos include the obsolete ''undulating tremolo'', the ''bowed tremolo'', the ''fingered tremolo'' (or slurred tremolo), and the ''bowed-and-fingered tremolo''.〔Forsyth (1982), p. 350.〕 The undulating tremolo was produced through the fingers of the right hand alternately exerting and relaxing pressure upon the bow to create a "very uncertain–undulating effect ... But it must be said that, unless violinists have wholly lost the art of this particular stroke, the result is disappointing and futile in the extreme," though it has been suggested that rather than as a legato stroke it was done as a series of ''jetés''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tremolo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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