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triarii
''Triarii'' (singular: ''Triarius'') were one of the elements of the early Roman military Manipular legions of the early Roman Republic (509 BC – 107 BC). They were the oldest and among the wealthiest men in the army, and could afford high quality equipment. They wore heavy metal armor and carried large shields, their usual position being the third battle line.〔
During the Camillan era, they fought in a shallow phalanx formation, supported by light troops. In most battles ''triarii'' were not used because the lighter troops usually defeated the enemy before the ''triarii'' were committed to the battle. They were meant to be used as a decisive force in the battle, thus prompting an old Roman saying: 'It comes down to the triarii' (''res ad triarios venit''), which meant carrying on to the bitter end.〔Gaspar, J. (1850-01-01). ''Autores selectos de la mas pura latinidad: Anotados brevemente é ilustrados con algunas noticias de geografía costumbres, é historia romana para uso de las escuelas pias'' (13th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 152). Barcelona: El Colegio de las Escuelas Pias de san Antonio Abad. Retrieved on 2014-05-02, from () (note: link in spanish)〕
==History and deployment==
''Triarii'' may have evolved from the old first class of the army under the Etruscan kings. The first class comprised the richest soldiers in the legion who were equipped with spears, breastplates and large shields, like heavy Greek hoplites. They served as heavy infantry in the early Roman army, and were used at the front of a very large phalanx formation. After a time, engagements with the Samnites and Gauls appear to have taught the Romans the importance of flexibility and the inadequacy of the phalanx on the rough, hilly ground of central Italy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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