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tributyltin
Tributyltin (TBT) is an umbrella term for a class of organotin compounds which contain the (C4H9)3Sn group, with a prominent example being tributyltin oxide. For 40 years TBT was used as a biocide in anti-fouling paint, commonly known as bottom paint, which was applied to the hulls of ocean going vessles. Bottom paint improves ship performance and durability as it reduces the rate of biofouling, which is the growth of organisms on the ship's hull. Although such paints are effective, the TBT slowly leaches out into the marine environment where it is highly toxic to a wide range of organisms. TBT pollution is of serious concern as it has led to collapse of whole populations of organisms.
==Chemical properties==
TBT compounds are organotin compounds, with 3 butyl groups covalently bonded to a tin(IV) centre.〔Davies, Alwyn George. (2004) Organotin Chemistry, 2nd Edition Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31023-4〕 A general formula for these compounds is (''n''-C4H9)3Sn-X. The X group is typically an electronegative "leaving group" such as chloride or carboxylate.. When introduced into a marine or aquatic environment, TBT adheres to bed sediments because of its high specific gravity and low solubility. However, the adsorption of TBT to sediments is reversible and depends on pH. Studies have shown that 95% of TBT can be released from the sediments back into the aquatic environment. This release makes it difficult to quantify the amount of TBT in an environment, since its concentration in the water is not representative of its availability.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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