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Trichotillomania ( , also known as trichotillosis or hair pulling disorder) is an impulse control disorder characterized by the compulsive urge to pull out one's hair, leading to hair loss and balding, distress, and social or functional impairment.〔 It appears in the ICD chapter 5 on Mental and behavioural disorders, and is often chronic and difficult to treat.〔 Trichotillomania may be present in infants, but the peak age of onset is 9 to 13. It may be triggered by depression or stress. Owing to social implications the disorder is often unreported and it is difficult to accurately predict its prevalence; the lifetime prevalence is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population.〔 Common areas for hair to be pulled out are the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, legs, arms, hands, nose and the pubic areas. The name, coined by French dermatologist François Henri Hallopeau, derives from the Greek: θρίξ/τριχ- ''thrix''/''trich-'' ("hair"), τίλλειν ''tíllein'' ("to pull"), and μανία ''mania'' ("madness, frenzy").〔 == Classification == Trichotillomania is defined as a self-induced and recurrent loss of hair.〔 It includes the criterion of an increasing sense of tension before pulling the hair and gratification or relief when pulling the hair.〔 However, some people with trichotillomania do not endorse the inclusion of "rising tension and subsequent pleasure, gratification, or relief" as part of the criteria; because many individuals with trichotillomania may not realize they are pulling their hair, patients presenting for diagnosis may deny the criteria for tension prior to hair pulling or a sense of gratification after hair is pulled.〔 Trichotillomania may lie on the obsessive-compulsive spectrum,〔 also encompassing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), nail biting (onychophagia) and skin picking (dermatillomania), tic disorders and eating disorders. These conditions may share clinical features, genetic contributions, and possibly treatment response; however, differences between trichotillomania and OCD are present in symptoms, neural function and cognitive profile.〔 In the sense that it is associated with irresistible urges to perform unwanted repetitive behavior, trichotillomania is akin to some of these conditions, and rates of trichotillomania among relatives of OCD patients is higher than expected by chance.〔 However, differences between the disorder and OCD have been noted, including: differing peak ages at onset, rates of comorbidity, gender differences, and neural dysfunction and cognitive profile.〔 When it occurs in early childhood, it can be regarded as a distinct clinical entity.〔 Because trichotillomania can be present in multiple age groups, it is helpful in terms of prognosis and treatment to approach three distinct subgroups by age: preschool age children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults.〔 Trichotillomania is often not a focused act, but rather hair pulling occurs in a "trance-like" state; hence, trichotillomania is subdivided into "automatic" versus "focused" hair pulling.〔 Children are more often in the automatic, or unconscious, subtype and may not consciously remember pulling their hair. Other individuals may have focused, or conscious, rituals associated with hair pulling, including seeking specific types of hairs to pull, pulling until the hair feels "just right", or pulling in response to a specific sensation.〔 Knowledge of the subtype is helpful in determining treatment strategies.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「trichotillomania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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