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trigonocephaly
Trigonocephaly (Greek: 'trigonon' = triangle, 'kephale' = head) is a congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic suture (Greek: 'metopon' = forehead) leading to a triangular shaped forehead. The merging of the two frontal bones leads to transverse growth restriction and parallel growth expansion. It may occur syndromic involving other abnormalities or isolated.
==History==
In former times people born with malformed skulls were rejected based upon their appearance.〔Strickler M, van der Meulen J, Rahael B, Mazolla R. Craniofacial malformations. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, New York: Churchill Livingston, 1990.〕 This still persists today in various parts of the world even though the intellectual development is often normal. The Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall presented the science of phrenology in the early 19th century through his work ''The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular''.〔Phrenology. http://www.phrenology.org/〕
Hippocrates described trigonocephaly as follows: ''Men's heads are by no means all like to one another, nor are the sutures of the head of all men constructed in the same form. Thus, whoever has a prominence in the anterior part of the head (by prominence is meant the round protuberant part of the bone which projects beyond the rest of it), in him the sutures of the head take the form of the Greek letter 'tau', τ''.〔Hippocrates. On injuries of the head. Med classics 1938: 3: 145-60.〕
Hermann Welcker coined the term trigonocephaly in 1862. He described a child with a V-shaped skull and a cleft lip.〔Welcker H. Untersugungen uber wachtsum und bau des menschlischen Schädels. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1862.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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