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A trireme (derived from Latin: ''triremis''〔from tri- "three" + remus "oar".〕 "with three banks of oars;" ''triērēs'',〔from τρι- (tri-) "three" + ἐρέτης "rower"〕 literally "three-rower") was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans. The trireme derives its name from its three rows of oars, manned with one man per oar. The early trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 30 oars on each side (i.e., a double-banked boat), and of the bireme ((ギリシア語:διήρης), ''diērēs''), a warship with two banks of oars, probably of Phoenician origin,〔Casson (1995), pp. 57–58〕 The word dieres does not appear until the Roman period. "It must be assumed the term pentekontor covered the two-level type".〔Morrison and Williams 1968:155〕 As a ship it was fast and agile, and it was the dominant warship in the Mediterranean during the 7th to 4th centuries BC, after which it was largely superseded by the larger quadriremes and quinqueremes. Triremes played a vital role in the Persian Wars, the creation of the Athenian maritime empire, and its downfall in the Peloponnesian War. The term is sometimes also used to refer to medieval and early modern galleys with three files of oarsmen per side as triremes.〔See index in Morrison (2004) for examples.〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「trireme」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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