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trocar
A trocar (variant: ''trochar'';〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trocar〕 from French: via ''troquard'', alteration of ''trois-quarts'' from ''trois'' (three) + ''quart'' (quarter), i.e., 'three-quarters',〔:fr:Dictionnaire historique de la langue française〕 term first recorded in the ''Dictionnaire des Arts et des Sciences'', 1694,〔https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_Arts_et_des_Sciences,_de_Thomas_Corneille_%281694,_1720,_1732%29〕 by Thomas Corneille, younger brother of Pierre Corneille) is a medical device that is made up of an obturator (which may be a metal or plastic sharpened or non-bladed tip), a cannula (basically a hollow tube), and a seal. Trocars are placed through the abdomen during laparoscopic surgery.
The trocar functions as a portal for the subsequent placement of other instruments, such as graspers, scissors, staplers, etc.
==History==
Originally, doctors used trocars to relieve pressure build-up of fluids (edema) or gasses (bloat). Patents for trocars appeared early in the 19th century, although their use dated back possibly thousands of years. By the middle of the 19th century, trocar-cannulas had become sophisticated, such as Reginald Southey's invention of the Southey tube.〔https://www.countway.harvard.edu/bml/reginald_southey.htm〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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