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troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols.〔McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. (1984). Troposphere. "It contains about four-fifths of the mass of the whole atmosphere."〕
The average depth of the troposphere is approximately in the middle latitudes. It is deeper in the tropics, up to , and shallower near the polar regions, approximately in winter. The lowest part of the troposphere, where friction with the Earth's surface influences air flow, is the planetary boundary layer. This layer is typically a few hundred meters to deep depending on the landform and time of day. The border between the troposphere and stratosphere, called the tropopause, is a temperature inversion.〔Danielson, Levin, and Abrams, ''Meteorology'', McGraw Hill, 2003〕
The word troposphere derives from the (ギリシア語:''tropos'') for "change" reflecting the fact that turbulent mixing plays an important role in the troposphere's structure and behaviour. Most of the phenomena we associate with day-to-day weather occur in the troposphere.〔
==Pressure and temperature structure==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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