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Trout is the common name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera ''Oncorhynchus'', ''Salmo'' and ''Salvelinus'', all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae. The word ''trout'' is also used as part of the name of some non-salmonid fish such as ''Cynoscion nebulosus'', the spotted seatrout or speckled trout. Trout are closely related to salmon and char (or charr): species termed salmon and char occur in the same genera as do trout (''Oncorhynchus'' - Pacific salmon and trout, ''Salmo'' - Atlantic salmon and various trout, ''Salvelinus'' - char and trout). Most trout such as lake trout live in freshwater lakes and/or rivers exclusively, while there are others such as the rainbow trout which may either live out their lives in fresh water, or spend two or three years at sea before returning to fresh water to spawn, a habit more typical of salmon. A rainbow trout that spends time in the ocean is called a steelhead. Trout are an important food source for humans and wildlife including brown bears, birds of prey such as eagles, and other animals. They are classified as oily fish.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What are oily fish? )〕 ==Species== The name 'trout' is commonly used for some species in three of the seven genera in the subfamily Salmoninae: ''Salmo'', Atlantic species; ''Oncorhynchus'', Pacific species; and ''Salvelinus'', which includes fish also sometimes called ''char'' or ''charr''. Fish referred to as trout include: * Genus ''Salmo'' * * Adriatic trout, ''Salmo obtusirostris'' * * ''Salmo trutta'' * * * Brown trout, ''S. t.'' morpha ''fario'' and ''S. t''. morpha ''lacustris'' * * * Sea trout, ''S. t.'' morpha ''trutta'' * * Flathead trout, ''Salmo platycephalus'' * * Marble trout, Soca River trout or Soča trout – ''Salmo marmoratus'' * * Ohrid trout, ''Salmo letnica, S. balcanicus (exctinct), S. lumi, and S. aphelios'' * * Sevan trout, ''Salmo ischchan'' * Genus ''Oncorhynchus'' * * Biwa trout, ''Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus'' * * Cutthroat trout, ''Oncorhynchus clarki'' * * * Coastal cutthroat trout, ''O. c. clarki'' * * * * Crescenti trout, ''O. c. c.'' f. crescenti * * * Alvord cutthroat trout ''O. c. alvordensis'' (extinct) * * * Bonneville cutthroat trout ''O. c. utah'' * * * Humboldt cutthroat trout ''O. c. humboldtensis'' * * * Lahontan cutthroat trout ''O. c. henshawi'' * * * * Whitehorse Basin cutthroat trout * * * Paiute cutthroat trout ''O. c. seleniris'' * * * Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout, ''O. c. behnkei'' * * * Westslope cutthroat trout ''O. c. lewisi'' * * * Yellowfin cutthroat trout ''O. c. macdonaldi'' (extinct) * * * Yellowstone cutthroat trout ''O. c. bouvieri'' * * * Colorado River cutthroat trout ''O. c. pleuriticus'' * * * Greenback cutthroat trout ''O. c. stomias'' * * * Rio Grande cutthroat trout ''O. c. virginalis'' * * ''Oncorhynchus gilae'' * * * Gila trout, ''O. g. gilae'' * * * Apache trout, ''O. g. apache'' * * Rainbow trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss'' * * * Kamchatkan rainbow trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss'' * * * Columbia River redband trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri'' * * * Coastal rainbow trout (steelhead), ''Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus'' * * * * Beardslee trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus var. beardsleei'' * * * Great Basin redband trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii'' * * * Golden trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita'' * * * * Kern River rainbow trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita var. gilberti'' * * * * Sacramento golden trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita var. stonei'' * * * * Little Kern golden trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita var. whitei'' * * * Kamloops rainbow trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss kamloops'' * * * Baja California rainbow trout, Nelson's trout, or San Pedro Martir trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni'' * * * Eagle Lake trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum'' * * * McCloud River redband trout, ''Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei'' * * * Sheepheaven Creek redband trout * * Mexican golden trout, ''Oncorhynchus chrysogaster'' * Genus ''Salvelinus'' (Char) * * Brook trout, ''Salvelinus fontinalis'' * * * Aurora trout, ''S. f. timagamiensis'' * * Bull trout, ''Salvelinus confluentus'' * * Dolly Varden trout, ''Salvelinus malma'' * * Lake trout, ''Salvelinus namaycush'' * * Silver trout, † ''Salvelinus agassizi'' (extinct) *Hybrids * * Tiger trout, ''Salmo trutta X Salvelinus fontinalis'' (infertile) * * Speckled Lake (Splake) trout, ''Salvelinus namaycush X Salvelinus fontinalis'' (fertile) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「trout」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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