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truss
In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-force member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Although this rigorous definition allows the members to have any shape connected in any stable configuration, trusses typically comprise five or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. In this typical context, external forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members which are either tensile or compressive. For straight members, moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes, as is necessary for the links to be two-force members.
A planar truss is one where all the members and nodes lie within a two dimensional plane, while a space truss has members and nodes extending into three dimensions. The top beams in a truss are called top chords and are typically in compression, the bottom beams are called bottom chords and are typically in tension, the interior beams are called webs, and the areas inside the webs are called panels.〔Ching, Frank. A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2012. 277. Print. ISBN 9780470648858〕
== Etymology of truss ==
Truss is derived from the Old French word ''trousse'', around 1200, which means "collection of things bound together."〔Reif, F., (etymonline.com ) (1965).〕〔Oxford English Dictionary〕 The term truss has often been used to describe any assembly of members such as a cruck frame〔Noble, Allen George. Traditional buildings a global survey of structural forms and cultural functions. London: I.B. Tauris ;, 2007. 115. ISBN 1845113055〕〔Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Dictionary of architecture and building construction. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2008. 394. ISBN 0750685026〕 or couple of rafters〔Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 121. ISBN 0080965377〕〔Crabb, George. Universal Technological Dictionary Or Familiar Explanation of the Terms used in All Arts and Sciences...", Volume 1 London: 1823. Couples.〕 but often means the engineering sense of "A truss is a single plane framework of individual structural member connected at their ends of forms a series of triangle () to span a large distance."〔Shekhar, R. K. Chandra. Academic dictionary of civil engineering. Delhi: Isha Books, 2005. 431. ISBN 8182051908〕
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