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tsumi
is a Japanese word that indicates the violation of legal, social or religious rules. It is most often used in the religious and moral sense.〔 Originally, the word indicated a divine punishment due to the violation of a divine taboo through evil deeds, defilement (''kegare'') or disasters.〔Iwanami Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version, "Tsumi"〕 When translated in English as "sin", the term covers therefore only one of the three meanings of the Japanese word.〔
==History==
The term evolved to its present form as a contraction of ,〔Definition from the Iwanami Kōjien Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version, "Tsutsumu"〕 a verb which very generally indicated the occurrence of a negative event.〔 In ancient Japan the word thus indicated not only crimes and other forbidden human actions, but also diseases, disasters, pollution, ugliness and any other unpleasant object or fact.〔
The Engishiki, a 927 AD Japanese book of laws and regulations, for example, distinguishes two kinds of ''tsumi'', the and the .〔 The first category deals with infractions against property, the second mainly with infractions against people. Some of the ''tsumi'' have to do with disease and natural disasters, and are not therefore ''sins'' in the modern sense, but order perturbations (''kegare'') which had to be dealt with and solved by the person or persons concerned in certain ways, for example through purification rites called ''harae''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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