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Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word ''upholstery'' comes from the Middle English word ''upholder'', which referred to a tradesman who held up his goods. The term is equally applicable to domestic, automobile, airplane and boat furniture, and can be applied to mattresses, particularly the upper layers, though these often differ significantly in design. A person who works with upholstery is called an upholsterer; an apprentice upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or trimmer. Traditional upholstery uses materials like coil springs (post-1850), animal hair (horse, hog and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up. In contrast, modern upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on. ==History== Upholder is an archaic term used for 'upholsterer' in the past, although it appears to have a connotation of ''repairing'' furniture rather than creating new upholstered pieces from scratch (c.f. cobbler vs. cordwainer).〔OED〕 In 18th-century London, upholders frequently served as interior decorators responsible for all aspects of a room's decor.〔James, Upholstery, p.13〕 These individuals were members of the Worshipful Company of Upholders, whose traditional role, prior to the 18th century, was to provide upholstery and textiles and the fittings for funerals. In the great London furniture-making partnerships of the 18th century, a cabinet-maker usually paired with an upholder: Vile and Cobb, Ince and Mayhew, Chippendale and Rannie or Haig. In the USA, Grand Rapids, Michigan is a centre for furniture manufacture along with long Eaton,Nottinghamshire (England) and many of the best upholsterers can still be found there. These craftsmen continue to create or recreate many antique and modern pieces of furniture. Furniture reupholstery continues to thrive in the UK with several businesses small and large providing these services. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「upholstery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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