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urogynecology
Urogynecology or urogynaecology is a surgical sub-specialty of urology and gynecology.
==History==
In 1893, Howard Kelly, a gynecologist and pioneering urogynecologist, invented an air cystoscope which was simply a handheld, hollow tube with a glass partition.〔Kelly HA. Medical Gynecology. New York: Appleton, 1908.〕 When the American Surgical Society, later the American College of Surgeons, met in Baltimore in 1900, a contest was held between Howard Kelly and Hugh Hampton Young, who is often considered the father of modern urology.〔Hugh H. Young〕 Using his air cystoscope, Kelly inserted ureteral catheters in a female patient in just 3 minutes. Young equaled this time in a male patient.〔Young HH. A Surgeon's Autobiography. New York: Harcourt, 1940.〕 So began the friendly competitive rivalry between gynecologists and urologists in the area of female urology and urogynecology. This friendly competition continued for decades. In modern times, the mutual interest of obstetricians, gynecologists, and urologists in pelvic floor problems in women has led to a more collaborative effort.
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