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''Urreligion'' (ur- being a Germanic prefix for original, primitive, elder, primeval, or proto-) is a notion of an "original" or "youngest" form of religious tradition. The term contrasts with organized religion, such as the theocracies of the early urban cultures of the Ancient Near East or current world religions. The term originates in German Romanticism. ==History== Friedrich Creuzer put forward the notion of a monotheistic primeval religion in 1810 - an idea taken up by other authors of the Romantic period, such as J. J. Bachofen,〔 In his ''Mutterrecht und Urreligion '', Bachofen connects primeval religion and matriarchy. 〕 but decidedly opposed by Johann Heinrich Voss.〔 ''Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker, besonders der Griechen. In Vorträgen und Entwürfen.'' Leipzig and Darmstadt, Heyer und Leske, 1810-12.〕 Goethe in a conversation with Eckermann on 11 March 1832 discussed the human ''Urreligion'', which he characterized as "pure nature and () reason, of divine origin".〔(Gespräche )〕 The final scene of his ''Faust Part Two'' (1832) has been taken as evoking "the 'Urreligion' of mankind".〔 Biblical Borrowings in Goethe's "Faust": A Historical Survey of Their Interpretation, by O. Durrani The Modern Language Review 1977〕 Often used in the sense of natural religion or indigenous religion, the religious behaviour of pre-modern tribal societies such as shamanism, animism and ancestor worship (e.g. Australian aboriginal mythology〔(newscientist.com ) 〕), the term ''Urreligion'' has also been used by adherents of various religions to back up the claim that their own religion is somehow "primeval" or "older" than competing traditions. In the context of a given religious faith, literal belief in a creation may be the base of primality. (e.g. Biblical literalism, or literal belief in the Hindu Puranas). In particular, Urmonotheismus comprises the historical claim that primeval religion was monotheistic. Some have rejected this hypothesis,〔 〕 and certain Christian apologetics circles defend it.〔 Pajak, Sylwester, ''Urreligion und Uroffenbarung bei P. W. Schmidt'', St. Augustin 1978.〕 Nineteenth-century Germanic mysticism sometimes claimed that the Germanic runes bore testimony of a primeval religion.〔 (J L Studach ''Die Urreligion oder das entdeckte Uralphabet'', 1856 )〕 Some more recent new religious movements that claim to restore primeval religion include Godianism〔 〕 and Umbanda.〔Gerhard Muller, Theologische Realenzyklopädie, de Gruyter (2003), p. 265〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「urreligion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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