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An ushanka (, lit. "ear hat"), also called a ''ushanka-hat'' (), formovka (формóвка), trooper hat, is a Russian fur cap with ear flaps that can be tied up to the crown of the cap, or fastened at the chin to protect the ears, jaw and lower chin from the cold. The dense fur also offers some protection against blunt impacts to the head. The word ''ushanka'' derives from ''ushi'' (у́ши), "ears" in Russian. ==Basic materials== Ushankas are often made from expensive sheepskin (''tsigeyka'', :ru:Цигейка), rabbit or muskrat fur. Artificial fur hats are also manufactured and are referred to as "fish fur" since the material is not from any real animal.〔Steven Zaloga. ''Red Army of the Great Patriotic War 1941–5''. Osprey Publishing, 1989. ISBN 0-85045-939-7. (p. 43 ).〕 The simplest "fish fur" of ''ushanka''s was made of wool pile with cloth substrate and cloth top, with the exception of the flaps, which had the pile exposed. Mink fur ushankas are widely used in the Arctic regions of Russia, protecting the ears and chin of the wearer even from "deep frost" (−40 to −70 degrees C). File:Ushanka of Soldier of Soviet Army-6.jpg|Military-style ushanka of the Soviet Army. Made in Bobruysk, 1988 File:Ushanka_of_Soldier_of_Soviet_Army-5.jpg|Ushanka with ear flaps deployed File:Ushanka_of_Soldier_of_Soviet_Army-4.jpg|Ushanka with ear flaps folded back File:Grayushanka.jpg|A souvenir ushanka for tourists with ears tied up to the crown of the cap 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ushanka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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