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vecino
In Spanish-speaking areas, the word vecino is today used either as equivalent to the English word "neighbour" or to mean a resident of a place. Historically in Spain and its empire, it referred to a householder of considerable social position in a town or a city, similar to the term of "freeman" or "freeholder."
==Historical use==
Historically, throughout the Spanish Empire a ''vecino'' was a person who has a house and home in a town or city and contributes to its expenses, not necessarily living near to the person referring to him; a local figure of some worth but not an aristocrat, often the ''encomendero'' holding land in the surrounding countryside with a house within a nearby city. A person with a house in a place that he contributes to can be a vecino although not currently living there.〔(Royal Spanish Academy dictionary; search for "vecino", see definition 2. )〕 In the old sense it was closer to "freeholder" or "freeman" than "neighbour".
In the American colonies a ''vecino'' was sometimes a person of relatively high status, more than just free. In the "Indies" (Indias)—the American colonies such as the Viceroyalty of the River Plate—a vecino had to be married, living in the location, a property-owner, and of good public reputation.〔(Fundadores de la patria - BUENOS AIRES, CAPITAL DEL VIRREINATO Y LA REVOLUCION DE MAYO DE 1810 )〕 There were military formations of vecinos, and only vecinos were summoned to an open cabildo (an extraordinary open meeting of the administrative council). Although many laws referred to ''vecinos'', and others specified qualifications of residence, property, and respectability, the term ''vecino'' as such was in general use and not explicitly defined.
In the Viceroyalty, the status of vecino was important enough that the sons and daughters of vecinos who did not themselves qualify were referred to as "hijo de vecino" (son or daughter of a vecino), and qualified for some privileges. According to the relevant laws, the Leyes de Indias, IV, V, 8: "the sons and daughters and legitimate descendants of the residents are honoured with the title ''well-born sons (or daughters) from a known location'' (hijosdalgos de solar conocido) so that the population of that place (according to law 6 of book IV) and others of the Indies (Americas ) should know them as such and as people of noble lineage, granting them all honours and privileges due to the well-born and gentlemen of Castile."〔〔Original: A los hijos y descendientes legitimos de los pobladores se los honraba con el titulo de HIJOSDALGOS DE SOLAR CONOCIDO, para que en aquella poblacion (dice la Ley 6, del Libro IV) y otras de las Indias, sean tenidas por tales y como personas de noble linaje, concediendoseles todas las honras y preminencias que deben haber y gozar los HIJOSDALGOS y CABALLEROS de Castilla.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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