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veldamas
Veldamas (plural: ''veldamai'') was a form of landownership in the early stages of Lithuanian serfdom. The term describes a peasant family with its land and other belongings granted by the Grand Duke of Lithuania to his loyal followers, usually as a reward for military service. The peasant retained ownership of his property, including land, but owed taxes and levies imposed by the noble.〔 ''Veldamas'' was a middle stage between ''laukininkas'' (a free peasant) and a serf. The term ''veldamas'' is derived from Lithuanian word ''veldėti'', ''valda'' and means "to rule something".〔 Slavic texts loaned the word as велдомы.〔 The term gradually disappeared after the Volok Reform in 1557, but it was still used in ''Postilė'' by Mikalojus Daukša (1599) to denote a subordinate.
==Rights==
''Veldamai'' were different from ''kaimynai'', a class of peasants also under control of the nobles, as ''kaimynai'' did not own their land and had to rent it from the nobles.〔 ''Veldamai'' had some personal freedoms and rights. Their daughters could marry anyone their families approved upon a payment of ''kriena'', a wedding tribute to the noble. The nobles could not usurp their property, including land, animals, and tools, or transform them into a ''šeimynykštis'', a type of patrimonial slaves.〔 The nobles could not buy or exchange ''veldamai'' without official approval from the Grand Duke of his officials. A series of privileges to the nobles restricted ''veldamai'' right to move or buy their freedom: they could not leave to estates of other nobles or of the Grand Duke. The nobles were also granted the right to decide court trials involving ''veldamai'' as the Grand Duke promised not to interfere. These privileges were the legal basis for serfdom.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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