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Velociraptorinae is a controversial subfamily of the theropod group Dromaeosauridae. The earliest velociraptorines are probably ''Nuthetes'' from the United Kingdom, and possibly ''Deinonychus'' from North America. However, several indeterminate velociraptorines have also been discovered, dating to the Kimmeridgian stage, in the Late Jurassic Period. These fossils were discovered in the Langenberg quarry, Oker near Goslar, Germany.〔van der Lubbe, T., Richter, U. and Knotschke, N. (2009). "(Velociraptorine dromaeosaurid teeth from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Germany )." ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 54(3): 401-408.〕 In 2007 paleontologists studied front limb bones of ''Velociraptor'' and discovered small bumps on the surface, known as quill knobs. The same feature is present in some bird bones, and represents the attachment point for strong secondary wing feathers. This finding provided the first direct evidence that velociraptorines, like all other maniraptorans, had feathers. While most velociraptorines were generally small animals, at least one species may have achieved gigantic sizes comparable to those found among the dromaeosaurines. So far, this unnamed giant velociraptorine is known only from isolated teeth found on the Isle of Wight, England. The teeth belong to an animal the size of dromaeosaurines of the genus ''Utahraptor'', but they appear to belong to a velociraptorine, judging by the shape of the teeth and the anatomy of their serrations.〔Naish, D. Hutt, and Martill, D.M. (2001). "Saurischian dinosaurs: theropods." in Martill, D.M. and Naish, D. (eds). ''Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight''. The Palaeontological Association, Field Guides to Fossils. 10, 242–309.〕 ==Classification== When erected by Barsbold in 1983, Velociraptorinae was conceived as a group containing ''Velociraptor'' and supposed closely related species. It was not until 1998 that this group was defined as a clade by Paul Sereno. Sereno defined the group as all dromaeosaurids more closely related to ''Dromaeosaurus'' than to ''Velociraptor''. While several studies have since recovered a group of dromaeosaurids closely related to ''Velociraptor'', they vary widely regarding which species are actually velociraptorines and which are either more basal or closer to ''Dromaeosaurus''. Novas and Pol (2005) found a distinct velociraptorine clade close to the traditional view, which included ''Velociraptor'', ''Deinonychus'', and material that was later named ''Tsaagan''. A cladistic analysis conducted by Turner et al. (2012) also supported a traditional, monophyletic of Velociraptorinae.〔 However, some studies found a very different group of dromaeosaurids in velociraptorinae, such as Longrich and Currie (2009), which found ''Deinonychus'' to be a non-velociraptorine, non-dromaeosaurine eudromaeosaur, and ''Saurornitholestes'' to be a member of a more basal group they named Saurornitholestinae. A larger analysis in 2013 found some traditional velociraptorines, such as ''Tsaagan'', to be more basal than ''Velociraptor'', while others to be more closely related to ''Dromaeosaurus'', making them dromaeosaurines. This study found ''Balaur'', previously found to be a velociraptorine by most analyses, to be an avialan instead. The cladogram below follows a 2009 analysis by paleontologists Nicholas Longrich and Philip J. Currie, using a dataset of 114 characters scored for 23 taxa. |label2=Dromaeosaurinae |2= }} }} }} }} The cladogram below follows a 2012 analysis by Turner, Makovicky and Norell, using a dataset of 474 characters scored for 111 taxa. }} }} }} }} The cladogram below follows a 2013 analysis by Godefroit et al., using a dataset of 1,500 characters scored for 358 taxa.〔 }} }} }} }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「velociraptorinae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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