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(詳細はScotland and the north east of England, particularly in the old centre of Durham. In Scotland, the term originated in royal burghs created in the twelfth century, the word deriving from the Old French word ''venelle'' meaning "alley" or "lane". Unlike a tenement entry to private property, known as a "close", a vennel was a public way leading from a typical high street to the open ground beyond the burgage plots.〔S Harris, The Place Names of Edinburgh, London 2002〕 The Latin form is ''venella'', related to the English word "funnel". The Scottish burghs established by David I (see Economy section of Scotland in the High Middle Ages) drew upon the burgh model of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and used a number of French or Germanic words for townscape features. Aberdeen City Council refers to vennels having been part of the old town and historical records suggest Arbroath had a vennel. In the City of Durham, like Newcastle, part of the old kingdom of Northumbria, lanes are also known colloquially as vennels. There are vennels in Ardersier, Cromarty, Culross, Dalry, Dumfries, Edinburgh,〔(Photos and history of The Vennel in Edinburgh )〕 Elie, Eyemouth, Forfar, Irvine, Lanark, Linlithgow, North Berwick, Peebles, South Queensferry, Stirling and Wigtown. There are also vennels in the towns of Glenarm and Bangor in Northern Ireland, likely reflecting the Scottish influence in the Northern Irish province of Ulster. The city of Perth has lost many vennels with the gradual transformation of its medieval centre, but some have survived and are still used: Guard Vennel, Cow Vennel, Baxters Vennel, Fleshers Vennel, Water Vennel and Cutlog Vennel. The Vennel off the Grassmarket in Edinburgh appears in the film 'The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie' (1969) when Brodie takes her girls on a walk through the Old Town, ending up in Greyfriars Kirkyard. ==References== * (The Conservation Glossary ): produced in conjunction with Town & Regional Planning, University of Dundee's postgraduate course on European Urban Conservation * (Aberdeen City Council ) * "Townlife in Fourteenth-Century Scotland" by Elizabeth Ewan; Edinburgh University Press, 1990 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vennel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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