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vinca
Vinca (;〔Stearn, W. T. (1983). ''Botanical Latin'' ed. 3. David & Charles ISBN 0-7153-8548-8.〕 Latin: ''vincire'' "to bind, fetter") is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, native to Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia.〔(Flora Europaea: ''Vinca'' )〕〔(EuroMed Plantbase Project: ''Vinca'' )〕〔(Flora of Pakistan: ''Vinca'' )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Vinca'' ) included photos plus European distribution maps〕 The English name periwinkle is shared with the related genus ''Catharanthus'' (and also with the common seashore mollusc, ''Littorina littorea'').
==Description==
''Vinca'' plants are subshrubs or herbaceous, and have slender trailing stems 1–2 m (3–6 feet) long but not growing more than 20–70 cm (8-30 inches) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely. The leaves are opposite, simple broad lanceolate to ovate, 1–9 cm (0.25–3.5 inches) long and 0.5–6 cm (0.25–2.25 inches) broad; they are evergreen in four species, but deciduous in the herbaceous ''V. herbacea'', which dies back to the root system in winter.〔Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. Hodder & Stoughton.〕〔Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 4: 664-665. Macmillan.〕
The flowers, produced through most of the year, are salverform (like those of ''Phlox''), simple, 2.5–7 cm (1–3 inches) broad, with five usually violet (occasionally white) petals joined together at the base to form a tube. The fruit consists of a pair of divergent follicles; a dry fruit which is dehiscent along one rupture site in order to release seeds.〔〔
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