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vinyldithiin
Vinyldithiins, more precisely named 3-vinyl-4''H''-1,2-dithiin and 2-vinyl-4''H''-1,3-dithiin, are organosulfur phytochemicals formed in the breakdown of allicin from crushed garlic (''Allium sativum''). Vinyldithiins are Diels-Alder dimers of thioacrolein, H2C=CHCH=S, formed in turn by decomposition of allicin.〔 In garlic supplements, vinyldithiins are only found in garlic oil macerates that are made by incubation of crushed garlic in oil.〔Lawson LD. Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds. In: Lawson LD, Bauer R, eds. Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Washington, D. C.: American Chemical Society; 1998:177-209.〕
==Structure and occurrence==
When a garlic clove is crushed, the enzyme alliinase is released forming allicin from the cysteine sulfoxide alliin. Allicin breaks down into additional organosulfur compounds. In the presence of oil or organic solvents, among the compounds formed are the isomeric vinyldithiins and ajoene. As shown in the Scheme, allicin (1) decomposes into 2-propenesulfenic acid (2) and thioacrolein (3). Compound 2 reforms allicin while 3 gives Diels-Alder dimers 3-vinyl-4''H''-1,2-dithiin (4) and 2-vinyl-4''H''-1,3-dithiin (5).〔http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/garlic/〕 Garlic cloves yield about 2.5-4.5 mg of allicin per gram when crushed. One fresh garlic clove weighs 2-4 g.〔Lawson LD. Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds. In: Lawson LD, Bauer R, eds. Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Washington, D. C.: American Chemical Society; 1998:177-209.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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