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A virtuoso (from Italian ''virtuoso'' (:virˈtwoːzo) or (:virtuˈoːso), "virtuous", Late Latin ''virtuosus'', Latin ''virtus'', "virtue", "excellence", "skill", or "manliness") is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability in a particular art or field. This word is often used to refer to an individual with superior technique or execution in fine arts, or music, often singing, playing a musical instrument or composition.〔 This word also refers to a person who has cultivated appreciation of artistic excellence, either as a connoisseur or collector. Virtuoso's plural form is either virtuosi or the Anglicisation, virtuosos, and the feminine forms are virtuosa and virtuose. ==Virtuosity defined== ''Music in the Western civilization'' by Piero Weiss and Richard Taruskin gives the following definition of virtuoso: :''"...a virtuoso was, originally, a highly accomplished musician, but by the nineteenth century the term had become restricted to performers, both vocal and instrumental, whose technical accomplishments were so pronounced as to dazzle the public." The defining element of virtuosity is the performance ability of the musician in question, who is capable of displaying feats of skill well above the average performer. Especially in music, both critics and musicians have mixed opinions on virtuosity. While the skill implied is clearly positive, musicians focused on virtuosity have been criticized for overlooking substance and emotion in favor of raw technical prowess.〔Bose, Sudip. "On Virtuosity." ''The American Scholar''. http://theamericanscholar.org/on-virtuosity/〕 More commonly applied in the context of the fine arts, the term can also refer to a 'master' or 'ace' who excels technically within any particular field or area of human knowledge—anyone especially or dazzlingly skilled at what they do.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Merriam-Webster Online, Official Definition )〕 For instance, Ken Jennings's initial success on Jeopardy was described as a "virtuoso performance.〔http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/ibms-watson-jeopardy-computer-comes-to-chm/〕" The Italian term "virtuoso" was also once commonly used to describe the group of emerging ballistic experts, engineers, artillerists, and specialists in mechanics and dynamics that arose during the late 17th century in response to the spreading use of gunpowder in Europe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「virtuoso」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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