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A vizier (, rarely ; (アラビア語:وزير); ''Wazeer'', (ペルシア語:vazīr), (トルコ語:vezir), (ウルドゥー語:وزیر), ''Vazeer''; sometimes spelled ''vazir'', ''vizir'', ''vasir'', ''wazir'', ''vesir'', or ''vezir'') is a high-ranking political advisor or minister. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary) who was at first merely a helper, but afterwards became the representative and successor of the ''dapir'' (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.〔R. A. Nicholson, ''A Literary History of the Arabs'', p. 257〕 In modern usage, the term has been used for ministers in the Arab world, Iran, Turkey, Somalia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. It is also specially used in the only absolute Asian monarchy, the House of Bolkiah of Brunei with the title ''Prime Vizier'' or Perdana Wazir in Brunei Malay as the head of all viziers. It is given to the current King Hassanal Bolkiah's second brother, the Prime Vizier Mohamed Bolkiah. In Brunei, an ordinary vizier is known as Pengiran Temenggong. ==Etymology== The word entered into English in 1562 from the Turkish ''vezir'' ("counselor"), derived from the Arabic ''wazir'' ("viceroy"). ''Wazir'' itself has two possible etymologies: *The most accepted etymology is that it is derived from the Arabic ''wazara'' ("to bear a burden"), from the Semitic root ''W-Z-R''.〔()〕 The word is mentioned in the Quran, where Aaron is described as the ''wazir'' (helper) of Moses, as well as the word ''wizr'' (burden) which is also derived from the same root.〔Goyṭayn, Šelomo D.. Studies in Islamic history and institutions. P.171. Compare , and .〕 *On the other hand, the presence of a Middle Persian word ''vizīr'' or ''vicīr'' (meaning "a legal document" or "decision"), cognate to the Avestan ''vīcira'', meaning "decreer" or "arbitrator", could possibly indicate an Indo-European origin.〔Dehkhoda Dictionary〕〔Klein, Ernest, ''A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language: Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustrating the history of civilization and culture'', Volume 2, Elsevier, 1966.〕 In modern Turkey, there is no usage of 'vezir' for any ministry as suggested in the description above. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vizier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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