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A voivodeship is the area administered by a voivode (Governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times in Poland, Wallachia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia and Serbia. The administrative level of area (territory) of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a duke. Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval Eastern Europe included ban (bojan, vojin or bayan) and banate. In a modern context, the word normally refers to one of the provinces ''(województwa)'' of Poland. Poland has 16 ''województwa''. ==Terminology== A voi(e)vod(e) (literally, "leader of warriors" or "war leader", equivalent to the Latin "''Dux Exercituum''" and the German "''Herzog''") was originally a military commander who stood, in a state's structure, next to the ruler. Later the word came to denote an administrative official. Words for "voivodeship" in various languages include the (ポーランド語:województwo); the (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():voievodat); the (セルビア語:''vojvodina'') (војводина), ''vojvodstvo'' (војводство) or ''vojvodovina'' (војводовина); the (ハンガリー語:vajdaság); the (ベラルーシ語:ваяводства) (''vajаvodstva''); the (リトアニア語:vaivadija). Some of these words, or variants of them, may also be used in English. Named for the word for "voivodeship" is the autonomous Serbian province of Vojvodina. Though the word "voivodeship" (other spellings are "voievodship" and "voivodship") appears in English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's, it is not in common general usage, and voivodeships in Poland and elsewhere are frequently referred to as "provinces".〔"''Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo''—province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: ''województwo''—province..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk,("Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski" ) ("Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. For examples see (New Provinces of Poland (1998) ); (Map of Poland ); (English names of Polish provinces ).〕 Depending on context, historic voivodeships may also be referred to as "duchies", "palatinates" (the Latin word "''palatinatus''" was used for a voivodeship in Poland), "administrative districts" or "regions". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「voivodeship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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