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vritti
Vritti, literally "whirlpool", is a technical term in yoga meant to indicate that the contents of mental awareness are disturbances in the medium of consciousness.〔I.K. Taimni, ''The Science of Yoga: The Yoga-Sutras of Patanjali in Sanskrit '', ISBN 978-81-7059-211-2〕 Vritti can be taken as a catch-all term for any content in consciousness, where consciousness is regarded as a medium or container for any possible mental content. The scope of the idea is very broad, referring not only to thoughts and perceptions experienced in a normal waking state, but also to all super-physical perceptions, such as dreams or in any altered state of consciousness. Vritti has also been translated as "waves" or "ripples" of disturbance upon the otherwise calm waters of the mind. The classical definition of yoga as stated in the Yoga Sutras is to calm the waves and return, or reunite (yoga = union) mind to its calm state, or samadhi.
==Usage In yoga==
The concept of vritti is central to the main definition of yoga given in Sutra 1.2 of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: "yoga chitta vritti nirodha". I.K. Taimni translates this as: "Yoga is the silencing of the modifications of the mind".〔I.K. Taimni, ''The Science of Yoga: The Yoga-Sutras of Patanjali in Sanskrit'', ISBN 978-81-7059-211-2〕 Central to the definition of yoga is the concept of ''vritti'' as a modification of the mind, which it is the intent of yogic practices to silence.
In the context of yoga, the presence of vrittis in consciousness is regarded as impediments to enlightenment. Swami Vivekananda uses the metaphor of a lake to illustrate this concept: “() is the mind-stuff, and Vrttis are the waves and ripples rising in it when external causes impinge on it. The bottom of the lake we cannot see, because its surface is covered with ripples. It is only possible when the ripples have subsided, and the water is calm, for us to catch a glimpse of the bottom. If the water is muddy, the bottom will not be seen; if the water is agitated all the time, the bottom will not be seen. If the water is clear, and there are no waves, we shall see the bottom. That bottom of the lake is our own true Self; the lake is the Chitta, and the waves are the Vrttis.”〔Swami Vivekananda. Raja-Yoga. Celephaïs Press (2003).〕
Thus it is the goal of yoga to "still" or "silence' the modifications in consciousness, the vrittis, and thereby set the stage to learn the technique of samadhi, an advanced mental method for achieving enlightenment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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