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vrykolakas
The vrykolakas (Greek βρυκόλακας, pronounced (:vriˈkolakas)), variant vorvolakas or vourdoulakas, is a harmful undead creature in Greek folklore. It has similarities to many different legendary creatures, but is generally equated with the vampire of the folklore of the neighbouring Slavic countries. While the two are very similar, blood-drinking is only marginally associated with the ''vrykolakas''.
==Etymology==
The word ''vrykolakas'' is derived from the Bulgarian word ''vǎrkolak''. The term is attested in other South Slavic languages such as Serbian ''vukodlak'', ultimately derived from Proto-Slavic ''vьlkolakъ'' , see Polish ''wilkołak'', and cognates can be found in other languages such as Lithuanian ''vilkolakis'' and Romanian ''vârcolac''. The term is a compound word derived from вълк (''vâlk'')/вук (''vuk''), meaning "wolf" and ''dlaka'', meaning "(strand of) hair" (i.e. having the hair, or fur, of a wolf), and originally meant "werewolf" (it still has that meaning in the modern Slavic languages, and a similar one in Romanian: see ''vârcolac''). It is also noteworthy that in the eighteenth century story ''Vrykolokas'' by Pitton de Tournefort, he refers to the revenant as a "werewolf" (loups-garous) which may have also been translated as ''bug-bears'', a strange word that has nothing to do with bugs nor bears, but is related to the word ''bogey'', which means spook, spirit, hobgoblin, etc.〔''Vampires, Burial, and Death-Folklore and Reality'' by Paul Barber (1988) Vali-Ballou Press, Birmingham, NY. p 26.
〕 However, the same word (in the form ''vukodlak'') has come to be used in the sense of "vampire" in the folklore of Western Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro (while the term "vampir" is more common in Eastern Serbia, and in Bulgaria). Apparently, the two concepts have become mixed.〔(Петровић, Сретен. Српска митологиjа )〕 Even in Bulgaria, original folklore generally describes the ''vârkolak'' as a sub-species of the vampire without any wolf-like features.〔(Иваничка Димитрова. Българска народна митология. С.1983.стр. 163-164 ). Compare alsohey the description in Naiden Gerov's Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language ("Речник на блъгарский язик“) (1895–1904)〕 It may also be noted that the Sanskrit word for wolf is vṛ́ka (commonly pronounced as vrika).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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