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'' Vulpes '' is a genus of the Canidae. The members of this genus are colloquially referred to as true foxes, meaning they form a proper clade. The word ‘fox’ occurs on the common names of species. True foxes are distinguished from members of the genus ''Canis'' such as dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals by their smaller size (5-11 kg) and flatter skulls.〔Macdonald, David (1984). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Fun Facts on File. P. 31. ISBN 0-87196-871-1〕 They have black, triangular markings between their eyes and nose, and the tips of their tails are often a different color from the rest of their pelts. The typical lifespan for this genus is between 2 and 4 years, but can reach up to a decade.〔 ==Extant species== Within ''Vulpes'', 12 separate and distinct extant species and four fossil species are described: *Arctic fox (''V. lagopus'') *Bengal fox (''V. bengalensis'') *Blanford's fox (''V. cana'') *Cape fox (''V. chama'') *Corsac fox (''V. corsac'') *Fennec fox (''V. zerda'') *Kit fox (''V. macrotis'') *Pale fox (''V. pallida'') *Rüppell's fox (''V. rueppellii'') *Red fox (''V. vulpes'') (includes silver fox and cross fox) *Swift fox (''V. velox'') *Tibetan sand fox (''V. ferrilata'') The Arctic fox is sometimes included in this genus as ''Vulpes lagopus'' based on the definitive mammal taxonomy list, as well as genetic evidence.〔〔 〕 Foxes of this group (including the fennec and Arctic foxes) possess eyes with pupils that retract into vertical slits in bright light. The red fox, Ruppell's fox,〔Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; and MacDonald David W. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN; 2004. p213〕 and Tibetan sand fox 〔Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; and MacDonald David W. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN; 2004. p161〕 possess white-tipped tails. The Arctic fox's tail-tip is of the same color as the rest of the tail (white or blue-gray)〔Burt, William Henry. A Field Guide to the Mammals of North America North of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 1998. pp75 and Plate 7〕 Blanford's fox usually possesses a black-tipped tail, but a small number of specimens (2% in Israel, 24% in the United Arab Emirates) possess a light-tipped tail.〔Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; and MacDonald David W. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN; 2004. p206〕 The other foxes in this group (Bengal, Cape, corsac, fennec, kit, pale, and swift) all possess black-tipped or dark-tipped tails.〔Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; and MacDonald David W. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN; 2004.pp202,231,205,211,155,122,117〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vulpes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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