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Wadjet ( or ; Egyptian ', "green one"),〔Also spelled Wadjit, Wedjet, Uadjet or Ua Zit〕 known to the Greek world as Uto ( or Buto ) among other names, was originally the ancient local goddess of the city of Dep (Buto),〔Wilkinson, ''Early Dynastic Egypt'', p.297〕 which became part of the city that the Egyptians named Per-Wadjet, ''House of Wadjet'', and the Greeks called Buto (Desouk now),〔''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'', 1, 268.18〕 a city that was an important site in the Predynastic era of Ancient Egypt and the cultural developments of the Paleolithic. She was said to be the patron and protector of Lower Egypt and upon unification with Upper Egypt, the joint protector and patron of all of Egypt with the "goddess" of Upper Egypt. The image of Wadjet with the sun disk is called the uraeus, and it was the emblem on the crown of the rulers of Lower Egypt. She was also the protector of kings and of women in childbirth. As the patron goddess, she was associated with the land and depicted as a snake-headed woman or a snake—usually an Egyptian cobra, a venomous snake common to the region; sometimes she was depicted as a woman with two snake heads and, at other times, a snake with a woman's head. Her oracle was in the renowned temple in Per-Wadjet that was dedicated to her worship and gave the city its name. This oracle may have been the source for the oracular tradition that spread to Greece from Egypt.〔Herodotus ii. 55 and vii. 134〕 The ''Going Forth of Wadjet'' was celebrated on December 25 with chants and songs. An annual festival held in the city celebrated Wadjet on April 21. Other important dates for special worship of her were June 21, the Summer Solstice, and March 14. She also was assigned the fifth hour of the fifth day of the moon. Wadjet was closely associated in the Egyptian pantheon with the Eye of Ra, a powerful protective deity. The hieroglyph for her eye is shown below; sometimes two are shown in the sky of religious images. Per-Wadjet also contained a sanctuary of Horus, the child of the sun deity who would be interpreted to represent the pharaoh. Much later, Wadjet became associated with Isis as well as with many other deities. In the relief shown to the right, which is on the wall of the Hatshepsut Temple at Luxor, there are two images of Wadjet: one of her as the uraeus sun disk with her head through an ankh and another where she precedes a Horus hawk wearing the double crown of united Egypt, representing the pharaoh whom she protects. ==Etymology== The name Wadjet〔''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'', 1, 268.17〕 is derived from the term for the symbol of her domain, Lower Egypt, the ''papyrus''.〔''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'', 1, 263.7–264.4〕 Her name means "papyrus-colored one",〔J. A. Coleman, ''The Dictionary of Mythology: A–Z Reference of Legends and Heroes''〕 as ''wadj'' is the ancient Egyptian word for the color green (in reference to the color of the papyrus plant) and the ''et'' is an indication of her gender. Its hieroglyphs differ from those of the Green Crown (Red Crown) of Lower Egypt only by the determinative, which in the case of the crown was a picture of the Green Crown〔''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'', 1, 268.16;〕 and, in the case of the goddess, a rearing cobra. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「wadjet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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