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A waterphone (also ocean harp or AquaSonic waterphone) is a type of inharmonic acoustic percussion instrument consisting of a stainless steel resonator ''bowl'' or ''pan'' with a cylindrical ''neck'' and bronze rods of different lengths and diameters around the rim of the bowl. The resonator may contain a small amount of water giving the waterphone a vibrant ethereal sound that has appeared in movie soundtracks, record albums, and live performances. The instrument was invented and developed by Richard Waters. Several sizes and design variants of the instrument exist. It is generally played in a seated position by a soloist and either bowed or drummed, played as a friction or struck idiophone, with movements to affect the water inside. This combines the resonant characteristics of the bowl and rods in combination with the movement of the water. The sound of the waterphone is often used to evoke mystery and suspense. A superball mallet has become the prime way of drumming the waterphone. The waterphone is a modern invention influenced by a Tibetan drum, encountered by the inventor in the early sixties, containing a small amount of water affecting its timbre.〔''Journal SEAMUS: The Journal of the Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States'', Volume 17, 2005, p.41.〕 It is also related to the nail violin, which also used a resonator and rods (nails), and is struck or bowed.〔Edward Heron-Allen/Hugh Dudinsoska Davies: ''(Nail violin )'', (Grove Music Online ) ed. L. Macy (Accessed 3 April 2008).〕 ==Use== The waterphone has been exhibited in museums and galleries and is the subject of several short documentaries in movie and TV and over recent decades the waterphone has become popular with symphonies, touring bands, and recording studios. Contemporary classical composers who have written parts for waterphone in compositions include Sofia Gubaidulina, Jerry Goldsmith, John Mackey, Christopher Rouse, Colin Matthews, Carson Cooman, Andi Spicer, Andrew Carter, Bernie Krause of Beaver & Krause, and Todd Barton. It has also been used prominently by rock musicians Richard Barone and Alex Wong (when playing with Vienna Teng) and can be heard in music by The Harmonica Pocket. Aerosmith used it to effect in "Water Song", as a prelude to "Janie's Got A Gun". Canadian musician and composer, Robert Minden, has been composing for his collection of 5 vintage waterphones on many recordings since the mid-1980s. His ensemble, The Robert Minden Ensemble,〔"(Robert Minden Duo )", ''LostSound.com''. Accessed August 16, 2014.〕 formed with daughters Andrea and Dewi Minden and colleagues Carla Hallett and Nancy Walker in 1986, features the waterphone as a central instrument within their 'found object' orchestra. The waterphone is used to great effect in Howard Goodall's ''The Dreaming'', a musical commissioned by The National Youth Music Theatre of Great Britain, based on Shakespeare's ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. Goodall uses its ethereal sounds to evoke the mystery of the woods. Tom Waits is a waterphone collector and player as is Mickey Hart. In Derek Bourgeois' Symphony No 59 - Percussion symphony, which requires 16 percussion players there is a very prominent part for Waterphone. The waterphone has been featured in the soundtracks to many movies, including ''Poltergeist'',〔 ''Let the Right One In'' (2008), ''The Matrix'',〔 ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture'', ''Dark Water'', ''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon'',〔 ''ALIENS'', ''The Spirit'', ''Female Perversion'', as well as TV production ''24''. Tan Dun's opera ''The First Emperor'' (2006) & "Water Music" feature the waterphone. A sound sample can be found at The FreeSound Project.〔"(Waterphone 1.wav )", ''FreeSound.org''. Accessed August 16, 2014.〕 There is a yearly "Waterphone Music Competition" sponsored by Richard Waters. As the waterphone may be taken into the water, on several occasions the waterphone has been used successfully to call whales and other cetaceans, especially by Jim Nollman of Interspecies Communication. The true story of such interspecies communication was the basis of the stage show and album ''The Boy Who Wanted To Talk To Whales'' by The Robert Minden Ensemble in 1989. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「waterphone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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