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Wealth is the abundance of valuable resources or valuable material possessions. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating old English word ''weal'', which is from an Indo-European word stem. An individual, community, region or country that possesses an abundance of such possessions or resources to the benefit of the common good is known as wealthy. The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of economics, and clearly so for growth economics and development economics yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. At the most general level, economists may define wealth as "anything of value" that captures both the subjective nature of the idea and the idea that it is not a fixed or static concept. Various definitions and concepts of wealth have been asserted by various individuals and in different contexts.〔Denis "Authentic Development: Is it Sustainable?", pp. 189-205 in ''Building Sustainable Societies'', Dennis Pirages, ed., M. E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-738-0, ISBN 978-1-56324-738-5. (1996)〕 Defining wealth can be a normative process with various ethical implications, since often wealth maximization is seen as a goal or is thought to be a normative principle of its own.〔Robert L. Heilbroner, 1987 United Nations definition of ''inclusive wealth'' is a monetary measure which includes the sum of natural, human and physical assets. Natural capital includes land, forests, fossil fuels, and minerals. Human capital is the population's education and skills. Physical (or "manufactured") capital includes such things as machinery, buildings, and infrastructure. Qatar is the wealthiest country in the world per capita.〔Persian Gulf 2013: India's Relations With the Region - Page 171, P.R. Kumaraswamy - 2014〕 ==Definition== For definitions of "wealth," see also ''The Wealth of Nations'' and value, or the state of controlling or possessing such items, usually in the form of money, real estate and personal property (ownership right) wealth also vary across time. Modern labor-saving inventions and the development of the sciences have vastly improved the standard of living in modern societies for even the poorest of people. This comparative wealth across time is also applicable to the future; given this trend of human advancement, it is possible that the standard of living that the wealthiest enjoy today will be considered impoverished by future generations. Industrialization emphasized the role of technology. Many jobs were automated. Machines replaced some workers while other workers became more specialized. Labour specialization became critical to economic success. However, physical capital, as it came to be known, consisting of both the natural capital and the infrastructural capital, became the focus of the ''analysis of wealth''. Adam Smith saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour, land, and technology in such a way as to capture a profit (excess above the cost of production).〔Smith, Adam. ''(An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations )''〕 The theories of David Ricardo, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, in the 18th century and 19th century built on these views of wealth that we now call classical economics. Marxian economics (''see labor theory of value'') distinguishes in the ''Grundrisse'' between material wealth and human wealth, defining human wealth as "wealth in human relations"; land and labour were the source of all material wealth. The German cultural historian Silvio Vietta links wealth/poverty to rationality. Having a leading position in the development of rational sciences, in new technologies and in economic production leads to wealth, while the opposite can be correlated with poverty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「wealth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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