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Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries.〔Waddingtons Family Card Games, Robert Harbin, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1972〕 Although the rules are extremely simple, there is enormous scope for scientific play.〔The Pan Book of Card Games, Hubert Phillips, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1960〕 ==History== Whist is a descendant of the 16th century game of ''trump'' or ''ruff''. Whist replaced the popular variant of ''trump'' known as Ruff and Honours.〔Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 340, David Parlett ISBN 0-19-869173-4〕〔 〕 The game takes its name from the 17th Century ''whist'' (or ''wist'') meaning ''quiet'', ''silent'', ''attentive'', which is the root of the modern ''wistful''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wistful - Define Wistful at Dictionary.com )〕 According to Barrington, Whist was first played on scientific principles by a party of gentlemen who frequented the Crown Coffee House in Bedford Row, London, around 1728. Edmond Hoyle, suspected to be a member of this group, began to tutor wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist'' in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years and led to the game becoming fashionable. In 1862 Henry Jones, writing under the pseudonym "Cavendish", published ''The Principles of Whist Stated and Explained, and its Practice Illustrated on an Original System, by Means of Hands Played Completely Through'', which became the standard text. Many subsequent editions and enlargements of this work were published using the simpler title ''Cavendish On Whist''. By this time Whist was governed by elaborate and rigid rules covering the laws of the game, etiquette and play which took time to study and master. In the 1890s, a variant known as Bridge Whist became popular which eventually evolved into Contract Bridge. The traditional game of Whist survives at social events called ''whist drives''.〔(Cambridge Dictionaries Online ) Whist drive〕 There are many modern variants of Whist played for fun. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「whist」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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