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White is an achromatic color, literally a "color without hue",that is a mixture of the frequencies of all the colors of the visible spectrum. It is one of the most common colors in nature, the color of sunlight, snow, milk, chalk, limestone and other common minerals. In many cultures white represents or signifies purity, innocence, and light, and is the symbolic opposite of black, or darkness. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, white is the color most often associated with perfection, the good, honesty, cleanliness, the beginning, the new, neutrality, and exactitude.〔Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur- effets ets symboliques'', pg. 130–146〕 In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore a white toga as a symbol of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity; the widows of kings dressed in white rather than black as the color of mourning. It sometimes symbolizes royalty; it was the color of the French kings (black being the color of the queens) and of the monarchist movement after the French Revolution as well as of the movement called ''the White Russians'' (not to be confounded with ''Belarus'', literally "White Russia") who fought the ''Bolsheviks'' during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922). Greek and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18th century, with the advent of neoclassical architecture, white became the most common color of new churches, capitols and other government buildings, especially in the United States of America. It was also widely used in 20th century modern architecture as a symbol of modernity, simplicity and strength. White is an important color for almost all world religions. The Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, has worn white since 1566, as a symbol of purity and sacrifice. In Islam, and in the Shinto religion of Japan, it is worn by pilgrims; and by the Brahmins in India, In Western cultures and in Japan, white is the most common color for wedding dresses, symbolizing purity and virginity. In many Asian cultures, white is also the color of mourning. The white color on television screens and computer monitors is created with the RGB color model by mixing red, green and blue light at equal intensities. In nature, snow and clouds appear white because they are composed of water droplets or ice crystals mixed with air; when white sunlight enters snow, very little of the spectrum is absorbed; almost all of the light is reflected or scattered by the air and water molecules, so the snow appears to be the color of sunlight, white.〔(Weather.about.com (retrieved October 31, 2012) )〕 Beaches with sand containing high amounts of quartz or eroded limestone also appear white, since quartz and limestone reflect or scatter sunlight, rather than absorbing it. Tropical white sand beaches may also have a high quantity of white calcium carbonate from tiny bits of seashells ground to fine sand by the action of the waves.〔("Science of summer- where does beach sand come from?" ) ''Livescience.com''〕 ==White in nature and culture== (詳細は File:Alps.jpg|Ice and snow. The Weisshorn ("''white mountain''"), in the high Alps. File:Milk glass.jpg|A glass of milk File:Cloud.jpg|Cumulus clouds File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|White marble - the Taj Mahal. File: Ivory cover of the Lorsch Gospels, c. 810, Carolingian, Victoria and Albert Museum.jpg| Ivory cover of the Lorsch Gospels, circa 810 AD, (Victoria and Albert Museum, London.) File:Three Maries.jpg|Alabaster statue of the three Maries, (circa 1450), Warsaw Museum. File:Andalusian.jpg|A white Andalusian horse. White is commonly associated with innocence, perfection and purity. File:Polar bear with young - ANWR.jpg|Polar bear with young, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. File:Douvres (6).JPG|The White Cliffs of Dover are composed of chalk, or calcium carbonate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「white」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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