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whitewater
Whitewater,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Whitewater )〕 usually spelled white water in both American and British English,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Whitewater - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yahoo )〕〔() 〕 is formed in a rapid, when a river's gradient increases enough to create so much turbulence that air is entrained into the water body, that is, it forms a bubbly or aerated and unstable current; the frothy water appears white. The term is also loosely used to refer to less turbulent, but still agitated, flows.
The term "whitewater" also has a broader meaning, applying to any river or creek itself that has a significant number of rapids. The term is also used as an adjective describing boating on such rivers, such as '' whitewater canoeing '' or ''whitewater kayaking''.
==Fast rivers==
Four factors, separately or in combination, can create rapids: gradient, constriction, obstruction and flow rate. Gradient, constriction and obstruction are streambed topography factors and are relatively consistent. Flow rate is dependent upon both seasonal variation in precipitation and snowmelt and upon release rates of upstream dams.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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