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windmill
A windmill is a mill that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. Centuries ago, windmills usually were used to mill grain, pump water, or both. Thus they often were gristmills, windpumps, or both.〔Gregory, R. The Industrial Windmill in Britain. Phillimore, 2005〕 The majority of modern windmills take the form of wind turbines used to generate electricity, or windpumps used to pump water, either for land drainage or to extract groundwater.
== Windmills in antiquity ==
The windwheel of the Greek engineer Heron of Alexandria in the first century AD is the earliest known instance of using a wind-driven wheel to power a machine.〔Dietrich Lohrmann, "Von der östlichen zur westlichen Windmühle", ''Archiv für Kulturgeschichte'', Vol. 77, Issue 1 (1995), pp.1-30 (10f.)〕〔A.G. Drachmann, "Heron's Windmill", ''Centaurus'', 7 (1961), pp. 145-151〕 Another early example of a wind-driven wheel was the prayer wheel, which was used in ancient Tibet and China since the fourth century.
It has been claimed that the Babylonian emperor Hammurabi planned to use wind power for his ambitious irrigation project in the seventeenth century BC.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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