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A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or , where their work includes: *Cooperating with viticulturists *Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest *Crushing and pressing grapes *Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material *Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids *Testing the quality of wine by tasting *Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation *Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured *Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled〔Echikson, Tom. ''Noble Rot''. NY: Norton, 2004〕 Today, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology – the science of wine. ==Vintner== A vintner is a wine merchant. In some modern use, particularly in American English, the term is also used as a synonym for winemaker.〔 The term started to be used in Middle English, when it superseded the earlier term ''vinter''.〔 Due to the close political and commercial ties between Bordeaux and England during the 14th and early 15th centuries, vintners were among the more important people in London with four mayors of London being vintners under the reign of Edward II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「winemaker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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