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wokou
''Wokou'' (; Japanese: ''Wakō''; Korean: 왜구 ''Waegu''), which literally translates to "Japanese pirates" or "dwarf pirates",〔Prof. Wang Yong, “Realistic and Fantastic Images of 'Dwarf Pirates': The Evolution of Ming Dynasty Perceptions of the Japanese.” In Prof. Joshua A. Fogel, ed., ''Sagacious Monks and Bloodthirsty Warriors: Chinese Views of Japan in the Ming-Qing Period'' (EastBridge, 2002), 17–41〕〔Prof. Douglas R. Howland. ''Borders of Chinese Civilization: Geography and History at Empire’s End'' (Duke University Press Books, 1996), p. 22〕 were pirates who raided the coastlines of China, Japan and Korea.〔Batten Bruce. "Gateway to Japan" 2006〕 Wokou came from a mixture of ethnicities.〔Kwan-wai So. ''Japanese piracy in Ming China, during the 16th century''. Michigan State University Press, 1975. chapter 2.〕
The term ''wokou'' is a combination of ''Wō'' (倭), referring to either dwarfs or the Japanese, and ''kòu'' () "bandit".
== History ==
There are two distinct eras of ''wokou'' piracy. The early wokou mostly set up camp on Japanese outlying islands, as opposed to the 16th century wokou who were mostly non-Japanese. The early wokou raided the Japanese themselves as well as China and Korea.〔Wang Xiangrong, "(Periodizing the History of Sino-Japanese Relations )" ''Sino-Japanese Studies'' v. 2 (1980), 31〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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